HD Law Partners Blog

The advent of new scientific procedures that allow for such innovations as cryopreservation have introduced some complications into family law disputes; in particular, the issue of couples freezing embryos and entering into disputes over who has “custody” in the event of separation or divorce are becoming more and more common. While the question of whether frozen embryos should be considered marital property has sparked outrage in a number of states, in Florida, a law already exists addressing the issue. However, like many statutes, it is still written in such a way as to lend itself to plenty of litigation. As a result, this area of the law is still very much developing in the courts, leaving a number of questions unanswered, and warranting the need to address the issue in family law discussions if a couple has engaged in cryopreservation of embryos.

What Florida Law Dictates

Florida’s law specifically dictates that the treating physician and the couple must enter into a written agreement that provides for the disposition of the couple’s eggs, pre embryos, and sperm in the event of death, divorce, or any other unforeseen circumstance, and if they fail to enter into an agreement, any remaining eggs and sperm belong to the party that provided them, while decision making authority regarding the disposition of pre embryos “resides jointly with the commissioning couple.” In the event of death of one member of the couple, absent a written agreement, the eggs, pre embryos, or sperm remain under the control of the surviving member of the couple. The law even addresses the issue of whether a child conceived by an individual’s eggs, pre embryos, or sperm after their death is eligible for a claim against their estate by stating that they are not unless they have been explicitly provided for in the decedent’s will.

In mid-June, federal eviction and foreclosure moratoriums were extended for an additional two months; Specifically, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac announced that they will extend moratoriums on evictions and foreclosures on single-family homes until August 31. Those who cannot make mortgage payments have the opportunity to seek for forbearance through the Coronavirus Relief and Economic Security (CARES) Act, which has allowed them to reduce or delay payments for up to one year, while those who do not have government backed loans may also be able to obtain forbearance, depending upon their lenders.

In addition, the US Department of Housing and Urban Development also extended loan forgiveness on single-family mortgages insured within the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) program through the end of August, and these efforts were also joined by the Federal Housing Finance Agency. While the moratorium extension specifically applies to homeowners who have FHA-insured Title II Single Family Forward and home equity conversion/reverse mortgage, all servicers have been ordered to halt foreclosure actions and cease evictions of anyone renting single-family properties with the program.

During the coronavirus pandemic, a number of homeowners’ associations (HOAs) have faced questions from residents concerning the issue of having to pay homeowners’ association fees while a number of facilities – such as the pools – have had to close due to the dangers associated with the virus. While some associations may have waived certain HOA fees and/or may be working with residents who cannot cover their fees, there are a number of reasons why HOA fees still have to be paid even during the pandemic. Not only are these fees part of the conditions, covenants, and restrictions that are signed into when one purchases into an association, but they go into a separate budget used for maintenance and improvements

For example, they are paid, in part, to insurance companies, plumbers, power companies, and other vendors. In addition, even if the pools are not used, they still have to be treated, and common areas, such as elevators and lobbies, have to be cleaned. The pandemic has also led some associations to need additional supplies, such as sanitizer and masks, as well as contract for extra cleaning services in common areas. It is also important to remember that associations have to keep in mind how any delinquency rates could affect lenders and thus any potential homebuyers’ decisions to purchase in the area, as this affects the current homeowners in the association.

According to the latest statistics, in 2018, almost one in 20 S&P 500 companies was hit with a securities class-action lawsuit. The latest trends indicate that air crashes, concert shootings, data breaches, opioids, sexual misconduct, and wildfires now drive large, event-driven lawsuits that are costing insurance companies millions.

Derivative Lawsuits

In addition, these events are also triggering securities class actions against company boards as well, known as “derivative” lawsuits. These typically accuse directors and officers of failing in their fiduciary responsibilities as well. For example, Wells Fargo and the company’s then CEO were sued for failing to stop the creation of false customer accounts. The company (i.e. its insurance company) settled the lawsuit for $240 million.

Strangely, these settlements often go to the very companies that are the subject of the lawsuits; funds that are often supposed to go towards corporate governance changes, such as overhauling the board. These are known as “derivative settlements.”

For some divorces, spending habits can become a serious issue; specifically, the issue of dissipation, which involves purposely spending extra marital funds while the marriage is going through a breakdown for one’s own benefit. There is no question that, in considering the division of marital assets and equitable distribution in states like Florida, intentional dissipation is one of the factors that the court will take into account as justification for unequal distribution. Once a divorce petition is filed, the administrative order prohibits both spouses from dissipating marital assets, therefore, issues involving dissipation typically arise when a couple knows that the divorce is imminent but before the petition is actually filed. For example, one spouse might transfer funds out of the marital estate or spend the funds on someone else in the form of hotel expenditures, gifts, questionable loans, etc.

As the eviction and foreclosure suspensions put in place in Florida and elsewhere expire, a foreclosure housing crisis is potentially on the horizon for millions of Americans who are currently unable to make payments due to COVID-19’s effects on employment. In Florida, the governor’s order places a halt on foreclosures and evictions through August 1, 2020, and the federal CARES Act only prohibits lenders and servicers from initiating foreclosure proceedings until August 31, 2020, leaving a number of residents to potentially face a host of legal actions after that.

According to available statistics, more than four million residential mortgage loans were in forbearance as of the end of June, and many of them have been still been receiving foreclosure notices from banks during the pandemic in spite of the moratorium, as it only bars judges and law enforcement from finalizing the proceedings until after August 1. While previous reports found that Florida (alongside New Jersey) had 24 out of 50 of the top most at-risk counties in the country, according to recently-released data, Flagler and Hernando Counties will be hit hardest during the second quarter.

As Florida family law attorneys who work to help our clients get through divorce with as little stress as possible, while also achieving their goals, one of the most important issues that clients have questions about are property division issues. This has become even more pressing given the current COVID-19 pandemic, as we potentially approach a housing crisis, and people become more and more concerned about their rights to the family home.

Florida Law & Issues That Can Arise

Florida law is clear regarding marital assets being distributed equally unless there is justification to do otherwise based on a number of factors that the court can take into account, such as the contribution of each spouse to the marriage, the duration of the marriage, the contribution of each spouse to assets, etc. However, questions can arise depending upon the particular circumstances of a relationship,  for example, if the mortgage is in one person’s name only, if one or both spouses lost their jobs, if the home is in foreclosure, if one spouse’s inheritance was used to make improvements on the home, etc.

As attorneys who help a number of clients with divorce here in Florida each year, we frequently discuss all of the many considerations that need to go into getting to a divorce settlement, but what about afterwards? There is still plenty that needs to be done with the assistance of your attorney after your divorce papers have been submitted to the court, as we discuss below:

Changing Your Name & Identifying Documents

If you are changing your last name, you will need to make updates to a number of important documents, such as your driver’s license, passport, social security card, etc. You will want to bring the judgment with you to the department of motor vehicles, passport office, etc.  Once these main documents are adjusted, it should be fairly straightforward to change everything else, including bank accounts, credit card accounts, homeowners and auto insurance policies (as well as title and registration for your car), etc. You may also need to open up new accounts in your name only.

Property division during divorce can be a difficult subject for a number of families, especially when it comes to what to do with the marital home. While, in some circumstances, divorcing spouses may agree that either person keeping the family home doesn’t make sense for financial reasons, in other cases, one or both individuals may want to stay in the home, one may wish to buy the other one out, etc. And when the divorce is filed, some spouses are still living together in the home, and ask us, as their divorce attorneys, what their living arrangements during the divorce should be as well, especially when children are involved.

Of course, like everything else in divorce, there are no black and white answers, and every case is different.

Selling

Couples choosing to address the marital home early on in the divorce process will sometimes benefit from quickly removing themselves from the situation and deciding to sell the home. Not only does the sale help them start anew, but it can provide both emotional and legal closure, and prevent them from having to deal with the costs of maintaining the home.

We previously mentioned that the current pandemic was expected to bring a significant amount of insurance litigation over business interruption policies, even though most policies explicitly exclude coverage for pandemics and viruses. As of early May, a number of COVID-19 business interruption insurance lawsuits have already been filed. In addition, a number of legislative efforts to redefine coverage for those businesses impacted by the virus have been made, although this does not include Florida as of yet.

There is no question that the impact of the virus on businesses has been severe, with close to 80 percent expecting losses to be over $1 million and almost 40 percent expecting them to be more than $25 million–more than could possibly be covered by insurance companies and policies. Plaintiffs in lawsuits brought thus far include healthcare companies, nonprofit organizations, restaurants, service industry businesses, and more–in both class action and individual lawsuits—alleging breach of contract, bad faith, covenant of good faith and fair dealing, and unfair business practices claims, and seeking not only compensation for losses, but also punitive damages, in some cases; arguing that financial harm and injuries were suffered as a result of having their claims denied.