Archive: May 2022

Last year, the Florida legislature adopted significant changes to the state’s property insurance laws. Among these amendments are a new requirement that commercial or residential policyholders file a notice with the state before suing an insurance company over its denial of a claim. This pre-suit notice must be given “at least 10 business days” before filing a lawsuit, but not before the expiration of a 90-day period during which the insurer has the right to review and either pay or deny the claim.

The purpose of the new pre-suit notice is to give the insurer additional time to investigate and review the claim and decide whether to either accept coverage, continue to deny coverage, or reinspect the property. Only if the insurer continues to deny the claim can the policyholder then file a lawsuit. If the insurer failed to file the pre-suit notice beforehand, however, the court is required to dismiss the lawsuit with prejudice.

Each year, thousands of people set sail on cruise ships out of Florida. Most of these cruisers enjoy a wonderful vacation. Unfortunately, some people sustain serious injuries on their trip, often due to the negligence of the cruise line.

Now, you can file a personal injury lawsuit against a cruise ship operator just as you would any other negligent property owner. But such cases are often handicapped by the terms of the ticket that was issued before the cruise even began. If you have ever taken a cruise, you know what we are talking about. Most cruise tickets include, or refer to, a lengthy “ticket contract” that you must agree to beforehand, similar to a terms of service on a commercial website. These contracts often contain language that can restrict or even prevent you from bringing a personal injury claim should the need arise.

A recent decision from a federal judge in Miami provides a case in point. In Roberts v. Carnival Corporation, the plaintiff was a passenger on the defendant’s cruise ship. During the cruise, the plaintiff slipped and fell on the ship’s pool deck. She called the ship’s infirmary and was told someone would come attend to her at the pool. But nobody ever came, the plaintiff said, and she then had to walk to the infirmary herself, only further aggravating her injuries.

As another hurricane season approaches here in Florida, it is a good idea for all homeowners to review their insurance coverage and understand what damages may–or may not be–covered by a storm. All insurance policies contain some form of deductible. But many policies that cover windstorm damage will also include a separate “hurricane deductible.”

Typically, a hurricane deductible applies separately from other deductibles applied to coverage for wind damage. A “hurricane” in this context means a storm system that has been declared as such by the National Weather Service. Typically, if the storm is named–e.g., Hurricane Irma–it will likely meet the legal definition of “hurricane” for insurance purposes.

Under Florida law, an insurance company can only enforce a hurricane deductible for such named storms. Specifically, the hurricane deductible may only be applied during a period beginning when the National Weather Service issues a “hurricane watch” or “hurricane warning” for the affected area, and ending 72 hours after the final warning or watch for any part of Florida terminates.

The most common reason for a person or group of persons to form a limited liability company (LLC) or corporation is to protect their personal assets from business creditors. In other words, if the business is sued, any judgment can only be collected against the assets owned by the business entity itself and not the individual owners.

But what about the reverse? If a member of an LLC has personal debts, can that creditor go after the business? The answer to these questions largely depend on the type of LLC we are talking about. Historically, you needed at least two “members” to form an LLC. But in recent years every state, including Florida, has amended their laws to permit the formation of LLCs with a single member. This allows many self-employed people to form a separate legal entity for their work.

Florida Has Special Rules for Single-Member LLCs

With a multi-member LLC, Florida law limits a creditor’s options for collecting an unpaid personal debt to seeking what is known as a “charging order.” This is basically a lien against the debtor member’s interest in distributions from the LLC. In multi-member LLCs it is common for the company to make periodic distributions of profits to members. With a charging order, a personal creditor can basically claim that money to satisfy the member’s debt.

As a general legal principle, if somebody files a lawsuit against you, and you fail to respond in any way, the trial court has the authority to enter a default judgment for the plaintiff. But even after a default judgment is entered, the defendant can still ask to set it aside based on grounds of “excusable neglect” under Florida law. The defendant must also show they have a “meritorious defense” to the underlying lawsuit and acted with “due diligence” to set aside the default.

A recent decision from the Florida Third District Court of Appeal, Universal Property & Casualty Insurance Company v. Dimanche, illustrates how these rules work in practice. This is an ongoing lawsuit over insurance coverage. The defendant issued a homeowners’ policy to the plaintiffs.

The plaintiffs filed a claim for damage to their property. The defendant did not pay. The plaintiffs subsequently filed a lawsuit, seeking approximately $65,000 in damages to repair their home.

The federal nature of our legal system means there are situations where a federal law may override or “preempt” a state law. This can, in turn, significantly affect the rights of private parties to civil litigation whose disputes are covered by such laws. Indeed, the question of whether preemption applies can itself lead to litigation.

Airline Faces Customer Class Action Over “Exit Fees”

A recent decision from the U.S. 11th Circuit Court of Appeals, Cavalieri v. Avior Airlines CA, provides a case in point. This case arose from a dispute over an extra fee added to an airline ticket. The defendant airline argued that federal law preempted any state breach-of-contract claim arising from the sale of said tickets.

Here is some additional background. The defendant operated flights from Miami to Venezuela. The tickets sold for said flights are a legal type of contract known as a “contract of carriage.” Here, the plaintiffs said they purchased their tickets for a certain price, only to be later told they needed to pay an additional $80 “exit fee” before boarding their flights.